Love Park Redesign

10/GUI

www.10gui.com

10/GUI from C. Miller on Vimeo.

AM 180

I'm always a little hesitant about self-check out aisles in grocery stores. They look so convenient, but at the same time I'm a little intimidated by the fact I can completely check out an entire grocery cart full of food and not mess up. You can't scan a banana, how am I supposed to pay for this fruit?

Any time I have ever used one of these self checkout machines it has not been a problem in the least. I am never not surprised by how intuitive the machines are. They all seem to have an incredibly simple layout with easy navigation compared to the vast amount of products a grocery store carries. This is a perfect example of a very good service captured in a very specific concise module.

The purpose of all services are to aid the user in one way or another. Many services are electronic machines that replace human labor but many services are still done by people. The example of the self check-out aisle in a grocery store is an example of a very efficient very effective service by a machine that has replaced the need for human labor. I do not doubt that in the near future check out aisles will be completely replaces by this self checkout system.

Project One: ReDesign of a MIDI-Control Interface

MIDI has completely changed the way music can be played, produced, and recorded. MIDI interfaces have become more complex and are able to do more complicated things than ever before today. This somewhat new technology is a powerful tool in the audio production world and without MIDI controls music would not be the same as it is today.

A common misunderstanding about MIDI is how it actually works. MIDI control surfaces do not emit any sound and can not produce media on their own. MIDI is an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A MIDI controller interacts with software and software creates output. The MIDI surface acts as an analogue controller for software which emulates hardware. It is cheaper to design and program software to act like musical instruments than to actually create the instruments. MIDI surfaces bridge the gap between digital and analogue control.

While no one is disagreeing that MIDI control hasn't helping the music industry, there are some faults with the system. For example, MIDI commands are 127 steps. While that might seem like a lot, and sounds almost seamless when sliding a fader, it actually isn't. With only 127 steps, you are limited to less than 127 different parameters for each knob or button. The other major problem with MIDI is delay. MIDI commands are sent with speed down to the millisecond, but two commands cannot be sent at the same time. One command needs to trail behind the first, no matter how simultaneously the buttons were pressed. Since everything within music happens according to a time structure, this can cause problems down the road, especially with complex control movements.

• 1897 - The Telharmonium is invented. The telharmonium was an early electronical instrument that created music using tonewheels. It was invented by Thaddeus Cahill.

• 1928 - The Ondes Martenot was another early electronical instrument developed by Maurice Martenot in France.

• 1928 - The Theremin is invented by Leon Theremin. This musical device completely removes all physical handling of the instrument and music is produced by metal rods sensing the proximity of the users hands.

• 1971 - First touchscreen developed by Sam Hurst.
  

• 1983 - MIDI is born. Dave Smith first introduced the idea of connecting multiple digital instruments in 1981, but it wasn't until 1983 that his ideas were put into effect.

I redesigned a MIDI controller to be used in the studio setting or during live performance. Through my own experience I have collected and compiled what I feel is most important for the typical DJ or studio artist.

I will most closely relate my redesigned controller to one of similar style already on the market. The UC-33e Evolution:
The UC-33 is a very versatile piece of hardware. With 47 assignable controllers, the device can do nearly everything you program it to. The nine faders are especially important when layering tracks on top of each other when mixing music, and even more so when used as EQ bars for mastering music in the studio. Each fader (except the ninth) had three programmable knobs on top which can be used for various activities such as on-the-fly EQ or effect changes.

The UC-33 can be used with any program that has MIDI support. The amount of programmable parameters appeals to many, but it doesn't have everything that a producer or DJ might need.

My goal was to create a controller that follows in suit the the simplicity of the UC-33e, while adding as many other features as necessary to make it the perfect all in one MIDI Controller. I want to make use of the new controller as much as possible and continue to move the user away from the mouse so eventually total control over software can be done right from the controller.

My Redesign has four major differences to the UC-33e.

Controller is color coded by section.


Pink - Effect Knobs
Green - EQ Knobs
Blue - Faders
Yellow - Launch buttons
Red - Touchpad
Light Blue - Screen

First, I have another panel of knobs (pink) above the stand EQ knobs (green). I felt that this is where the UC-33e lacked most importantly. If the controller would to be used like a standard audio mixing board (like it is designed too) then the three rows of knobs would be used for EQing the Highs, Mids, and Lows of audio files. With the addition of the top row of knobs more aspects of music can be controlled without sacrificing the important EQ knobs. The top row could easily be used to apply effects to tracks. Each column of knobs also has two buttons. The addition of these bottons help to quickly easily trigger and drop effects. There was no way of doing this with the UC-33e. In addition to the top row of knobs, all knobs will have light sensors indicating their position. This design is effectively implemented in the Behringer BCR2000. This helps to accurately show orientation of knob, as well as stimulating the eye with colored LEDs. These afford quick actions in a dimly lit club setting.

Two, this redesign incorporates a much larger much more detailed screen in the upper right hand corner (light blue). This screen will recieve data from the computer as to which tracks are loaded to the fader sections, and which tracks are currently playing. This will furthermore remove the use of the computer from the live performances. Below the screen is a pad with 16 buttons for various controls and programs.

Three, in red, there is now a touchpad controller on the right hand side of the controller. This can be used to access music from a hard drive as well as power effects in a live settings. This will work the same way as the Korg Kaoss pad does for live effects, using the X.Y grid as a system for changing the speed, volume, frequency or wobble of the current effect. Navigating the screen is controlled from the touch pad. I believe strongly that touchscreens and touch panels are going to become more and more part of what we use every day. While they work fantastically, and the iPhone and Lemur both have proven that MIDI through a touchscreen is possible, it is not for everything. The tangibility of faders and a knob that can actually be twisted are very important. These motions can be done just by feeling for the right knob.

Four, the launch buttons for playing tracks are now lined up according to the fader which they are assigned. In yellow at the bottom cue and play/pause buttons have been added. On the UC-33e, launch buttons were way over the the right hand side, now they relate directly to the faders. This keeps track organization much more simple than before.

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One of the biggest problems with controllers like this is that they can get very complex very quickly. I've added only a few more buttons and knobs and it already looks intimidating. Unfortunately, music production and live mixing is a complicated process that requires nearly this many features. A simple understanding of how a mixing board works makes the complex design much less daunting. Since it is a MIDI controller, the buttons and faders will all have to be assigned (unless it comes with preset files) and once that is complete the programmer will definitely have a very strong idea of how it works.

The design is complex but it has all the functions of a standard soundboard at half the size and with much more flexibility. Color coordination helps separate each of the different parts of mixer, and lights indicate more visually accessible settings. As complicated as it might look, and MIDI control user's only restriction is the amount of buttons and knobs as are in their hardware. With this vast number, no function should be left out.




Lastly, mentioned early was this controlled called Lemur. It's worth it to mention again the innovation that this controller is. It is a full touchscreen MIDI controller. It'll run a few thousand dollars, but it's very neat. With multi-touch capabilities a lot is possible with this type of hardware.

Design Challenge

All design involves rigorous testing in the environment where it is most applicable. Design needs to be beta-tested until as many, or ideally all, of the bugs and problem areas are found and fixed. Specific and meticulous testing results in good design, and design that won't have problems in the future. Like Katherine has said many times in class about website design, the best design features shouldn't be noticeable, they become noticeable once the design is broken and technology has failed in one way or another.

This chapter of Norman goes in depth with the design of what is now the modern day keyboard. Design choices that one could say have nearly replaced the pen and pencil when we write. The keyboard layout was designed by CHarles Latham Sholes in the 1870's. Something as common as the "shift" key today took years to develop on type writers. The amount of time and energy that went into producing a valuable design was well worth it, and today there are many many keyboards in nearly every home in America.

Later on in the chapter I was most interested in Normans views of design and aesthetics. He said "If everyday design were rules by aesthetics, life might be more pleasing to the eye, but less comfortable; if ruled by usability it might become more comfortable but uglier. If cost or ease of manufacture dominated, products might not be attractive, functional, or durable." I found this very interesting, because as a good design it's the amount and balance of all of those parameters that confine ones ability. When working with a budget, or for a particular style, one must use what they are given to achieve a necessary result. There are clearly designers that sway more towards the visual side of design than usability, but thats why there those design who make ugly, but practical products.

Error's

Human is the ultimate go to excuse for slips and fumbles during our daily lives. It's not just an easy way out of situations though, it's how were are. Human's weren't built to have errors, but compared to computers who are either right or wrong, it's human nature to be perfect.

The most common of these errors are slips; one would expect a certain result, but accidentally get it mixed up with a similar activity. For example, Norman explained how he was counting pages and counted "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King, ace." He had been playing cards recently.

Norman also brings up the interest topic of error detection. While it's obvious for the most part if someone slips or not "detection can only take place if there is feed back." In some cases, it is easy to discover that something is wrong, but hard to discover exactly what. In cases like this, often anticipating the result can lead to solving the problem, but sometimes the errors are to far out to make any connection.

A seemingly common important error happens with human interaction with machine; computers primarily. A hundred times a day, a little window will pop up asking "Are you sure you want to delete this file?" or something along those lines. More often than not, you do actually want to delete the file, I have gotten so used to just hitting enter or clicking without reading, that I often deleted files I have not meant to. Although this might same kind of drastic, especially because computers work in 1's and 0's the result should be absolute, but computer were designed with error in hand and almost always you can get a file back. Whether it be in the computer's trash can, or saved on another hard drive.

Ancient Chinese Official - Paper Art

CRED TO THE EXTRA PLEASE

Using Sound for Visability

Designers always seem to be trying to get the user's attention in as many unique and creative ways as possible. Clearly (GET IT?) the most common way is by visual reference. Layouts and control panels are designed and most uses and functions are learned by purely visual contact.

The second most common reference for control and affordable is sound. Sound is most strongly used for warnings and instant messages. Sound is a great aid in affordance because it can be sensed even when attention is elsewhere. This is effective with warnings primarily. Alarms and dings grab attention when it is most important...as long as they aren't used too often, then alls well.

Natural sounds (or sounds that make sense with functions) work most strongly when paired with other stimulus. For example, the iPod scroll where utilized the simple clicking signifying that the wheel is being turned.

This small addition to spinning a wheel makes the contact feel so much more tangible. For some reason, our mind connects the sound to the movement and the speed and volume the clicking helps aid to the scrolling of the wheel. It's a simple, but effective design note.

Memory

I knew that the mind was a fragile thing, and I've always been curious about how memory works and why it works. Norman explains in detail the differences and functions comparing short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM).

Short term memory is what helps us function on a day to day basis. It helps us remember people names, and where we are, and how do nearly everything that we don't directly think about. It is a problem when elderly people begin to loose their STM because they can often become very confused or forget where they are or where they are going.

Long term memory is memory that is stored for a longer period of time, like our interpretations of our experiences. Norman continues to explain that LTM is strictly based on how the information was perceived to begin with, and this greatly effects ones ability to recall memories and information.

Another key function of memory is reminders. The act of reminding (or as psychologists call it, rehearsal) is a key feature to both long and short term memory. Norman explains that big events usually don't need cues to remember, because you will naturally remind yourself of an up coming event just because of it's importance. Although other smaller details, while maybe important, still need reminders so one doesn't forget. Norman goes one about reminders and needing both signals and messages. He explains one bad example of tying a knot in a handkerchief. This is a signal, but if the message is forgotten the signal is useless. My father would always stick a bit of tape on his watch if he needed to remember to do something. He would never write anything on the tape, just having something unnatural in front of him was enough for him to remember what important task he was supposed to do. There have been too many cases when I've given myself clues on what I need to do, but not quite enough information to complete a task, so this method does not work for me.

Flickoff.org is a website dedicated to helping the environment stay as clean and healthy as possible. The sites name comes from the simple basis of 'flicking off,' as in a light switch. While the idea is environmentally friendly and easy enough that anyone could do it, their execution is not.

It's clear to see the font choice of the logo is supposed to make viewers second guess themselves. While they did a fantastic job of making 'flick' look like another similar word (whether or not it was their intention) it doesn't really help their goals of becoming a power efficient, environmentally conscious company. Their whole deal is 'abrasiveness AND trees!' and I don't it works or appeals to any audience. This is a vast generalization, but I don't think people who would buy a bumper sticker that says 'flick off' because it looks like it means something else really care about the environment.

Learned Helplessness

One point that Norman hits directly on the head is his idea about 'learned helplessness'. He explains this phenomenon in such a way that clearly and justly proves and defines the event.

I was especially drawn to where he says "It seems natural for people to blame their own misfortunes on the environment. It seems equally natural to blame other people's misfortunes on their personalities. Just the opposite attribution, bu the way, is made when things go well. When things go right, people credit their own forceful personalities and intelligence: "I really did a good job today' no wonder we finished the project so well."" This example is something you see everyday. It's a characteristic of humans that is so common we think it makes sense...while in fact it is actually an irrational and often irritating statement. I, for one, can't stand people who push blame around and don't swallow their pride and take what they deserve. While usually this kind of helplessness and blame-pushing is about trivial matters, it's still unnecessary to blame a piece of hardware for the users incompetence. It is even more aggravating when that same user will pat themselves on the back when they finally figure out how to work the thing that has been giving them so much trouble. It's no wonder that Norman concludes with "In all cases, whether a person is inappropriately accepting blame for the inability to work simple objects or attributing behavior to environment or personality, a faulty mental model is at work."

Power Plugs and Sockets

Sockets and power plugs are so common and used so often everyday that we hardly think about the design or functionality of them. Back when electricity was new and these products had to be designed the problem was coming up with a simple to use universal way that all similar objects to gain power from a source in a safe manner. That solution was the socket and plug. A solution that minimizes danger, and maximizes simplicity.

Is the design of power plugs and sockets perfect? NO. Is it the best it can be? Maybe.

PROBLEM
There are many problems with power plugs and sockets. Plugs in the United States have two parallel flat prongs that protrude out and sometimes a third large grounding prong below. Sockets have to vertical slots and sometime that third hole below. Looks simple enough.


After the fact comes the problems. One not all plugs have that third grounding prong which is much safer if included, and not all sockets have a third hole for that prong to fit. Sockets only have two places for plugs to fit in two, which wasn't a problem a couple of decades ago...but now since our entire lives are basically run by electricity this becomes quite a problem. Thus extension cords and surge protectors were invited eliminating the problem! Nope, still not quite enough sockets for all of the plugs I have running off off my desk and I hardly think I'm the only person with this problem.

Now that we have two many plugs and not enough sockets, lets simplify the whole process and add different power sources. For example, my new-fancy-energy-efficient IKEA lamp has a cord that runs out of the light that ends with some strange plug which connects to some sort of a converter box. Out of that converter box runs another cable that has the stand Type A plug on the end that I can plug into my already overly crowded surge protector.

My favorite is the generic cell phone chargers that have a huge box at the end of the wire that take up the space of about three plugs on a surge protector. Thankfully, someone has already solved this problem.


I won't even bother explaining the problems with trying to plug in my cell charger while traveling overseas...


CONCLUSION
Sockets and plugs are a very necessary part of our everyday lives and they are only going to become more so our technology advances further. It's unfortunate that such a simple item has the troubles it does, but like most products, if there is a way to use it wrong, humans will find that way. You can thank Murphy for that one.

Affordances - Gibson/Norman

Donald A. Norman is a professor and author of many books that deal primarily with usability and cognitive psychology.

James J. Gibson was an American psychologist who is considered one of the most important scientist to deal with visual perception.

Both of these psychologists have similar but specifically different views about affordances are. Gibson believes that affordances are governed by three laws. One, An affordance Exists relative to the action capabilities of a particular actor. Two, The existence of an affordance is independent of the actors ability to perceive it. Three, An affordance does not chance as the needs and goals of the actor change. Norman thinks that an affordance refers directly to the core features of an object. "I believe that affordances result from the mental interpretation of things, based on our past knowledge and experience applied to our perception of the things about us." Norman does not address an 'actor' at all in his view on affordances.

I was confused with all of the laws and different aspects of affordances, but when the article gave examples it became much more clear what Norman and Gibson were talking about. While Norman keeps his definition of an affordance simple, I feel as though Gibson's ideas about it make more sense. I felt that his ideas about nested affordances keep things in line. It's a simple way of branching out and categorizing different types of affordances without getting too specific right off the bat.

I was really interested in the example given about sitting in a chair. Using Norman's way of thinking about affordances he says the chair affords support, therefore affords sitting. It's kind of a backwards way of thinking about it, but it makes sense.


The Design of Everyday Things - Donald A. Norman
Affordances: Clarifying and Evolving a Concept - Joanna McGrenere